Collage und Assemblage

Collage and assemblage are artistic techniques. Both derive from Material and Object art, as they integrate real objects into an image or make them part of an artwork.
Collage refers to a material work that extends across a surface. Early forms include the Cubists’ papiers collés (c.1910), as exemplified in the work of Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). They used newspaper cuttings or pieces of wallpaper in their works, in order to link them closely with reality. Over the course of the 20th century, various groups have made use of collage, including the Constructivists, the Surrealists, the Futurists and the Dadaists.
Key collage works include Henri Matisse’s papiers découpés or cut-outs, which the artist - by then bed-ridden and infirm - referred to as "painting with scissors".
Another notable form of collage was the décollage embraced by the artists of the Nouveau Réalisme movement.
Assemblages are art works made out of a combination of different objects and materials. In contrast with collage, however, assemblage extends into three dimensions, and can thus be characterised as spatially sculptural work.
The representational form of assemblage had particular significance in Nouveau Realist art, which was made largely of everyday objects.
One form of art, which can be regarded as constituting the missing link between collage and assemblage were the combine paintings of the 1950s. These integrated everyday materials into painted surfaces, thus creating a middle ground between two and three-dimensional art. The combine painting was pioneered by Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008).